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Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality ((ロシア語:Правосла́вие, самодержа́вие, наро́дность, ''Pravoslaviye, Samoderzhaviye, Narodnost′'')), also known as Official Nationality〔Riasanovsky, p. 132〕〔Nationality in this context starts with a capital letter to differentiate it from nationality/' as one of its three parts〕 was the dominant ideological doctrine of Russian emperor Nicholas I. It was "the Russian version of a general European ideology of restoration and reaction" that followed the Napoleonic Wars.〔Riasanovsky, p.133〕 "The Triad" of Official Nationality was originally proposed by Minister of Education Sergey Uvarov in his April 2, 1833〔Date as in Riasanovsky, p. 132〕 circular letter to subordinate educators.〔Hosking, p. 146〕 It was soon embraced by Nicholas and his establishment and gained wide public recognition, vocally supported by intellectuals like Mikhail Pogodin,〔Riasanovsky, pp. 138–39〕 Fyodor Tyutchev〔 and Nikolai Gogol.〔Riasanovsky, p. 135〕 Critics of the policy saw this principle as a call for Russification. Yet the very fact of its existence, being Russia's first statewide political ideology since the 16th century,〔 indicated the nation's brewing transition to modernity.〔Hoffmann, Kotsonis, p. 54〕 ==Quest for ideology== Nicholas I emerged as the emperor in the wake of Decembrist revolt; subsequent investigation proved that disloyalty was deeply rooted within the noble estate – the sole foundation of House of Romanov.〔Hosking, p. 145〕 His father and grandfather were killed by their own guards and statesmen in palace coups. Keen to eradicate the rebels and ensure his own physical security, Nicholas carefully studied proceedings of the Decembrists investigation and was aware of defects in his predecessor's government that fueled the mutiny.〔 "In one sense, the reign of Nicholas I was a protracted epilogue to the Decembrist rising."〔Hosking, p.144〕 Nicholas, acting in line with his absolutist predecessors of the Age of Enlightenment, developed a state education system and completed codification of the law.〔Hosking, pp.144-145,148〕 He installed a highly regulated but ultimately inefficient government system of "anxious centralization", himself being the chief arbiter between rivalling statesmen.〔Hosking, p. 146〕 But he also attributed the nobles' disloyalty to a Europe-wide conspiracy aimed at destroying ruling monarchies, religion and morale.〔 Russia, according to his point of view, succeeded in Napoleonic Wars while more advanced regimes failed, and saved Europe from plunging into decay and atheism.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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